Starting with a local Parquet file, then joining it to data stored in the cloud

The post Building a Data Lakehouse with DuckDB and DuckLake appeared first on Towards Data Science.

What it takes to turn counterfactual analysis into an AI product

The post How I Built a Multi-Agent System for Interrupted Time Series Analysis (ITSA) appeared first on Towards Data Science.

From a chocolate bar with no price tag to a marketing mix model in PyMC, and the 200-year-old integral that stood in between.

The post Why You Think Like a Bayesian but Were Taught Like a Frequentist appeared first on Towards Data Science.

I built four AI retrieval architectures on a laptop and benchmarked them against the same set of documents and questions. Here’s what the results taught me about the trade-offs between plain RAG, graph RAG, and simply putting everything into a frontier model’s context window.

The post When Does Graph RAG Actually Add Value? A Hands-On Experiment appeared first on Towards Data Science.

Robust Estimation Series: comparing classical and modern robust estimators through theory, code, and experiments

The post How to Make Linear Regression Survive Outliers appeared first on Towards Data Science.

PyTorch and TensorFlow tensor broadcasting: how silent shape errors cause difficult-to-debug machine learning bugs

The post Silent Broadcasting Can Ruin Your Model appeared first on Towards Data Science.

A VRAM budget formula for LLM serving, and three optimization strategies mapped to the traffic patterns that trigger the OOM.

The post The KV Cache Tax: Why Inference Servers Run Out of Memory Before Compute appeared first on Towards Data Science.

What ordering and not eating a large pizza tells us about ML memory management

The post The N Squared Pizza Problem appeared first on Towards Data Science.

How moving randomness outside the computation graph turns noisy gradient estimators into low-variance, differentiable ones

The post Reparameterization Tricks: Variance Reduction by Smarter Gradients appeared first on Towards Data Science.

Keep your apps looking professional with Claude Code design skills

The post How to Build Consistent Designs with Claude Code appeared first on Towards Data Science.

How statistical moments connect the mean, the variance, and higher powers of a distribution

The post Seizing the Moment: The Hidden Silhouette of Data appeared first on Towards Data Science.

Before reaching for an LLM API on every classification problem, it's worth knowing what a decades-old baseline can already do with the labeled data you have — and exactly how much more data buys you.

The post How Many Labeled Examples Does a Text Classifier Actually Need? I Measured It. appeared first on Towards Data Science.

First in a series on probabilistic forecasting for physical signals. Next: what happens when you roll the forecast forward more than one step.

The post Your Model’s MSE Is Lying to You appeared first on Towards Data Science.

When Codex is the right shape for the problem, when Claude Code is, and how I split 5 specialist agents between them on dense AI capacity work.

The post When to Use One Model and When to Use a Team of Agents appeared first on Towards Data Science.

A viral debate over loops versus graphs points to a bigger shift in how we build AI systems. Here’s what graph engineering actually means, how it differs from prompt, context, and loop engineering, and why it matters.

The post Graph Engineering for AI Agents: From Prompts and Loops to Workflows appeared first on Towards Data Science.

Why the skill-inflation panic is aimed at the wrong thing, and what it costs to make agent knowledge a build artifact instead of a file.

The post From Static to Dynamic Skills: A Different Model for Agent Knowledge appeared first on Towards Data Science.

Building a FastAPI endpoint for churn prediction, and everything that broke between "it runs" and "it's live"

The post Your Model Isn't Done Until Someone Else Can Call It appeared first on Towards Data Science.

A practitioner's guide to estimating what an opt-in AI feature actually did, when nobody randomized it.

The post Your AI Adoption Lift Is a Selection Effect appeared first on Towards Data Science.

A real Weave project that regression-tests three OpenAI models against the exact reply format your app depends on.

The post One Capital Letter Was Silently Breaking My AI Support Bot, and It Wasn't in the New Model appeared first on Towards Data Science.

What large operators can teach us about turning alert fatigue into faster, safer service assurance

The post Stop Managing Alarms: An Incident-First Blueprint for Telecom AIOps appeared first on Towards Data Science.