5 principles that determine whether an agent system succeeds in production, explained through one I built for a $100M+ company.

The post Building Enterprise Agent Systems that People can Trust, Verify and Improve appeared first on Towards Data Science.

How autonomous agents broke two decades of capacity planning — and what to build instead

The post Three Generations of Autoscaling — And Why Agentic Traffic Breaks All of Them appeared first on Towards Data Science.

Here's how to be the Data Scientist who thrives in a world where coding is a commodity.

The post How to Shine as a Data Scientist in the Vibe Coding Era appeared first on Towards Data Science.

Can a language model do live adversarial level design? Yes, emphasis on the adversarial part

The post I Made an LLM Lay Siege to My Minecraft House appeared first on Towards Data Science.

Image inputs and structured outputs with Gemma 4 and Ollama

The post Building Multimodal Workflows with a Local LLM appeared first on Towards Data Science.

Not all Python data libraries are created equal!

The post Should AI Developers Make the Switch from Polars to Pandas? appeared first on Towards Data Science.

How to diversify a budget without losing the shadow prices that explain the result

The post The Budget Split That Explains Itself appeared first on Towards Data Science.

I replayed the same 27 real production tasks through two local models, one hardware upgrade apart, to find out what it actually takes to replace Claude as the brain behind a 90-tool personal agent.

The post Can a Local LLM Run My AI Assistant? appeared first on Towards Data Science.

Many Transformer explainers start with the finished architecture. We ask why it looks the way it does.

The post Before Q, K, and V: Reconstructing the Transformer appeared first on Towards Data Science.

Faster dataframe engines are nice, but they don't reduce the amount of syntax an analyst has to hold in their head.

The post The Problem with pandas Isn’t Performance. It’s Cognitive Overhead. appeared first on Towards Data Science.

A minimal loop with real API calls, validation, compact outputs, and trace evidence before adding an agent framework

The post I Built a Tool-Calling Agent in Python. Here’s How I Debugged It appeared first on Towards Data Science.

An open, 2.8-trillion-parameter model shipped with 47 pages of its own recipe. Reading it tells you what building a frontier model now involves, and how little of it is the model.

The post How a Frontier Model Gets Built, Read from the Kimi K3 Report appeared first on Towards Data Science.

A primer about Semi-Supervised Learning, the approaches taken with different algorithms and the limitations of using unlabelled data.

The post Introduction to Semi-Supervised Learning appeared first on Towards Data Science.

Perform non-programming tasks with coding agents

The post How to Apply Coding Agents to Non-Programming Tasks appeared first on Towards Data Science.

How a seemingly harmless move to a multi-agent architecture quietly tripled our LLM costs and what actually fixed it.

The post The 3× Token Bill We Didn’t See Coming appeared first on Towards Data Science.

A friendly introduction to one of the most powerfull optimization techniques using the uncapacitated facility location problem

The post How Benders Decomposition Works Part I: Optimality Cuts appeared first on Towards Data Science.

Why prediction-driven variable selection misses confounders and how Bayesian Adjustment for Confounding attempts to fix it.

The post Why Your Best Predictive Model Gives the Wrong Treatment Effect appeared first on Towards Data Science.

from custom integrations to a universal standard for tool access

The post MCP Explained: How Modern AI Agents Connect to the Real World appeared first on Towards Data Science.

Using mathematical optimization to solve a pickup-and-delivery problem with time windows.

The post “Los Movimientos”: The Routing Problem That Nearly Broke My Spirit appeared first on Towards Data Science.

The mean keeps making its usefulness felt in all sorts of situations, often in truly non-obvious ways

The post The Most Beautiful Statistic: The History and the Science of the Humble Mean appeared first on Towards Data Science.