Developing autonomous vehicle (AV) policies requires bridging an important gap between training and deployment. Vision-language-action (VLA) models that can...

Developing autonomous vehicle (AV) policies requires bridging an important gap between training and deployment. Vision-language-action (VLA) models that can reason over more complex driving scenes and produce richer intermediate reasoning are predominantly trained in open-loop, where model outputs are directly compared to ground-truth behaviors without considering their effect on the environment.

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