Beyond basic graph retrieval: six production-oriented architectures for combining semantic search, knowledge graphs, and LLM reasoning.

The post GraphRAG: A Practitioner's Guide to 6 Advanced Architectural Patterns appeared first on Towards Data Science.

Understanding and implementing CBAM (Convolutional Block Attention Module) from scratch with PyTorch

The post CBAM Paper Walkthrough: The Double-Attention Mechanism appeared first on Towards Data Science.

Deduplicating a 10,000-row supplier list in Python, where the hard part is deciding what a similarity score of 91 means

The post One Vendor, Four Spellings: How Deterministic Stages Beat Similarity Scores appeared first on Towards Data Science.

One near miss, four months of running agents, and the question almost nobody is asking: what are you supposed to do while the AI writes the code?

The post AI Made Me 5x Faster. It Also Made Me 5x Worse at My Job. appeared first on Towards Data Science.

How to verify your app aligns with your intent without ever reading a line of generated code.

The post Coding Agents Keep Shipping Silent Failures — Here Is How to Catch Them appeared first on Towards Data Science.

The recurring cost of production AI is not inference. It is re-qualification: the eval reruns, prompt retuning, and regression testing you owe every time a model changes under you. Here is what that tax actually covers, and how to budget for it before it surprises you.

The post We Pinned Our Model Version to Stay Safe. The Provider Deprecated It Anyway. appeared first on Towards Data Science.

How do you set yourself up for a career that will stand the test of time when things are changing so fast?

The post Starting a Career in Data Science in the Age of AI appeared first on Towards Data Science.

Multi-agent coding systems don't necessarily fail because agents can't communicate. They can fail because important commitments made in conversation have nowhere to live afterward.

The post Multi-Agent Coding Isn’t Enough — Agents Need a Commitment Layer appeared first on Towards Data Science.

Starting with a local Parquet file, then joining it to data stored in the cloud

The post Building a Data Lakehouse with DuckDB and DuckLake appeared first on Towards Data Science.

What it takes to turn counterfactual analysis into an AI product

The post How I Built a Multi-Agent System for Interrupted Time Series Analysis (ITSA) appeared first on Towards Data Science.

From a chocolate bar with no price tag to a marketing mix model in PyMC, and the 200-year-old integral that stood in between.

The post Why You Think Like a Bayesian but Were Taught Like a Frequentist appeared first on Towards Data Science.

I built four AI retrieval architectures on a laptop and benchmarked them against the same set of documents and questions. Here’s what the results taught me about the trade-offs between plain RAG, graph RAG, and simply putting everything into a frontier model’s context window.

The post When Does Graph RAG Actually Add Value? A Hands-On Experiment appeared first on Towards Data Science.

Robust Estimation Series: comparing classical and modern robust estimators through theory, code, and experiments

The post How to Make Linear Regression Survive Outliers appeared first on Towards Data Science.

PyTorch and TensorFlow tensor broadcasting: how silent shape errors cause difficult-to-debug machine learning bugs

The post Silent Broadcasting Can Ruin Your Model appeared first on Towards Data Science.

A VRAM budget formula for LLM serving, and three optimization strategies mapped to the traffic patterns that trigger the OOM.

The post The KV Cache Tax: Why Inference Servers Run Out of Memory Before Compute appeared first on Towards Data Science.

What ordering and not eating a large pizza tells us about ML memory management

The post The N Squared Pizza Problem appeared first on Towards Data Science.

How moving randomness outside the computation graph turns noisy gradient estimators into low-variance, differentiable ones

The post Reparameterization Tricks: Variance Reduction by Smarter Gradients appeared first on Towards Data Science.

Keep your apps looking professional with Claude Code design skills

The post How to Build Consistent Designs with Claude Code appeared first on Towards Data Science.

How statistical moments connect the mean, the variance, and higher powers of a distribution

The post Seizing the Moment: The Hidden Silhouette of Data appeared first on Towards Data Science.

Before reaching for an LLM API on every classification problem, it's worth knowing what a decades-old baseline can already do with the labeled data you have — and exactly how much more data buys you.

The post How Many Labeled Examples Does a Text Classifier Actually Need? I Measured It. appeared first on Towards Data Science.