Mixture of experts (MoE) has become one of the defining architectural trends in large-scale AI model training. DeepSeek, Qwen, and Mixtral are examples of MoE...

Mixture of experts (MoE) has become one of the defining architectural trends in large-scale AI model training. DeepSeek, Qwen, and Mixtral are examples of MoE models that match or exceed the performance of dense model counterparts at a fraction of the training compute. MoE models provide efficient training through conditional computation. Instead of one dense feed-forward network (FFN) shared…

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Encode-prefill-decode (EPD) disaggregation is an inference optimization technique for multimodal models that separates the vision encoder stage from the prefill...

Encode-prefill-decode (EPD) disaggregation is an inference optimization technique for multimodal models that separates the vision encoder stage from the prefill and decode stages. It is most effective for image-heavy prompts, short-to-medium outputs, and quantized mixture-of-experts (MoE) models. This post shows when and how to use EPD disaggregation with NVIDIA Dynamo to achieve up to 5x…

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This post is the third in a series on AI model co-design. It explores how to accelerate LLM inference while maintaining accuracy using speculative decoding and...

This post is the third in a series on AI model co-design. It explores how to accelerate LLM inference while maintaining accuracy using speculative decoding and offers five guidelines for selecting draft length and draft mechanism across the Pareto frontier. For a discussion of how model design choices impact both throughput and interactivity without sacrificing accuracy, see AI Model Co…

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Teams customize their models to hit their targets for latency, speed, memory, and compute. With the open NVIDIA Nemotron family of models, developers can find...

Teams customize their models to hit their targets for latency, speed, memory, and compute. With the open NVIDIA Nemotron family of models, developers can find the right-sized model for their needs. The new Nemotron 3.5 Lightning NVFP4 checkpoint, for example, preserves accuracy while unlocking up to 4x faster throughput. It’s compressed down to 22 GB from the 66 GB full precision checkpoint…

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Long-running AI agents spend most of their time on high-volume execution: tool calls, result validation, and subagent delegation. Using a frontier reasoning...

Long-running AI agents spend most of their time on high-volume execution: tool calls, result validation, and subagent delegation. Using a frontier reasoning model for every execution step adds cost and latency. NVIDIA Nemotron 3.5 Lightning is an open 30B mixture-of-experts (MoE) model with 3B active parameters built for that execution layer of always-on agents. It is designed for harnesses…

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NVIDIA Ising Calibration is an open source vision language model (VLM) designed to interpret diagnostic outputs from quantum processors and determine how they...

NVIDIA Ising Calibration is an open source vision language model (VLM) designed to interpret diagnostic outputs from quantum processors and determine how they should be tuned to continue operating. This post introduces the latest model release, NVIDIA Ising Calibration 1.5, which advances AI-based QPU calibration by analyzing unfamiliar diagnostic results without prior training examples.

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What began as discrete AI model training and human-facing chat interfaces has evolved into always-on AI factories dedicated to producing intelligence at scale....

What began as discrete AI model training and human-facing chat interfaces has evolved into always-on AI factories dedicated to producing intelligence at scale. These factories are now tasked with powering agentic workflows that reason, plan, use tools, verify intermediate results, and execute complex multistep tasks across vast contexts. Agentic workloads are not defined by a single prompt…

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As context windows grow longer, moving large model weights efficiently becomes critical to performance. A common way to address this is quantization, an...

As context windows grow longer, moving large model weights efficiently becomes critical to performance. A common way to address this is quantization, an optimization technique that compresses model weights into a smaller data format. One quantization format is NVFP4, an innovative 4-bit floating point introduced with NVIDIA Blackwell architecture. That’s the approach behind our new Nemotron 3…

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Power can account for 40% of the operating expenses (OpEx) to run an AI factory. Each watt can be spent on overhead, data ingestion, training, or generating...

Power can account for 40% of the operating expenses (OpEx) to run an AI factory. Each watt can be spent on overhead, data ingestion, training, or generating tokens for customers. And most sites are capped at a fixed power level provided by a regional provider. Under these conditions, performance per watt becomes a key efficiency metric that directly translates to token costs.

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Transformer architectures are the backbone of many modern large language and generative AI models. As these models grow in size, training runs consume more GPU...

Transformer architectures are the backbone of many modern large language and generative AI models. As these models grow in size, training runs consume more GPU hours and more engineering iteration time. Accelerating transformers is therefore not just a performance optimization, but directly affects how quickly teams can experiment and how large a model they can afford to train.

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Pre-training frontier LLMs comes down to throughput. When training spans trillions of tokens across thousands of accelerators, every percentage point of step...

Pre-training frontier LLMs comes down to throughput. When training spans trillions of tokens across thousands of accelerators, every percentage point of step time can add up to days of training and substantial compute costs. Numerical precision is one of the highest-leverage knobs available, but low- bit mixed-precision pretraining is hard to get right. To address this…

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Large language models (LLMs) are revolutionizing the financial trading landscape by enabling sophisticated analysis of vast amounts of unstructured data to...

Large language models (LLMs) are revolutionizing the financial trading landscape by enabling sophisticated analysis of vast amounts of unstructured data to generate actionable trading insights. These advanced AI systems can process financial news, social media sentiment, earnings reports, and market data to predict stock price movements and automate investment strategies with unprecedented…

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