As language models grow, scaling dense architectures becomes increasingly expensive. In a dense transformer, every token passes through every layer, so adding...

As language models grow, scaling dense architectures becomes increasingly expensive. In a dense transformer, every token passes through every layer, so adding capabilities increases computation for both training and inference. Mixture-of-experts (MoE) architectures take a different approach to scaling by using many subnetworks, or experts, while activating only a small subset for each token.

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A GPU cluster can pass every health check and still fail to run an AI workload. Even when every GPU, network link, and pod reports healthy, a 512-GPU training...

A GPU cluster can pass every health check and still fail to run an AI workload. Even when every GPU, network link, and pod reports healthy, a 512-GPU training job can underperform or fail. The cause may be one slow GPU, a link that degrades under load, or a configuration that quietly routes traffic over a slower path. Operators may not discover the problem until hours into the run or until a…

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Kubernetes manages what runs on your nodes. Managing the nodes themselves is the challenge: kernel settings, system packages, storage layouts, security agents,...

Kubernetes manages what runs on your nodes. Managing the nodes themselves is the challenge: kernel settings, system packages, storage layouts, security agents, and the host-level tuning that GPU workloads depend on. Many teams manage this with Ansible playbooks, custom scripts, and manual runbooks. That works until a new cluster comes up in a different region, a kernel upgrade breaks RDMA…

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As large language model (LLM) inference increasingly processes sensitive information and proprietary model context across personal, enterprise, and regulated...

As large language model (LLM) inference increasingly processes sensitive information and proprietary model context across personal, enterprise, and regulated settings, data must be processed inside a trusted environment. NVIDIA Confidential Computing (CC) provides a pathway for running these workloads securely using memory-encrypted confidential virtual machines (CVMs), confidential GPUs…

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AI factories are power-limited systems that deliver maximum value when fully optimized. GPU workload placement is a key optimization. Poor workload placement...

AI factories are power-limited systems that deliver maximum value when fully optimized. GPU workload placement is a key optimization. Poor workload placement fragments topology domains and forces traffic across shared links, reducing throughput, raising job costs, and leaving GPUs consuming provisioned power while waiting on data without advancing the workload. GPUs exchange data continuously…

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How can a 30B-parameter model activate only 3B parameters per token, and still use the capacity of the larger model? Nemotron 3.5 Lightning illustrates the...

How can a 30B-parameter model activate only 3B parameters per token, and still use the capacity of the larger model? Nemotron 3.5 Lightning illustrates the answer: It uses a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture that selects only a subset of its parameters for each token. There are two dominant model architectures: Dense model and MoE. How a model organizes its parameters matters as much as…

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For operators of large-scale AI factories, maximizing continuous output is essential for productivity. In massive-scale AI training, every GPU in the cluster...

For operators of large-scale AI factories, maximizing continuous output is essential for productivity. In massive-scale AI training, every GPU in the cluster must synchronize gradients across thousands of collective operations per second. Similarly, during inference, unplanned downtime directly reduces the total volume of requests served, strictly limiting revenue generation.

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Biomolecular structure prediction is now often run at proteome scale, where the goal is to move an entire worklist through the pipeline efficiently. NVIDIA...

Biomolecular structure prediction is now often run at proteome scale, where the goal is to move an entire worklist through the pipeline efficiently. NVIDIA BioNeMo Inference Runtime (BioIR) helps accelerate supported biomolecular structure-prediction models on NVIDIA GPUs while keeping the familiar PyTorch workflow. It uses optimized kernels and, where applicable, CUDA Graphs to speed model…

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IBM Research and Red Hat deployed a 753B open model on H100 GPUs, serving thousands of concurrent coding agents at 5-10x lower cost than commercial APIs.

Modern AI platforms are no longer a single application behind one login screen. A user may start in a central portal, open a governed dataset, launch a notebook...

Modern AI platforms are no longer a single application behind one login screen. A user may start in a central portal, open a governed dataset, launch a notebook where that data resides, and invoke an assistant that calls services in another cluster. The workflow feels unified, but identity crosses control-plane and data-plane boundaries at every step. That is where conventional single sign-on…

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This post is the third in a series on AI model co-design. It explores how to accelerate LLM inference while maintaining accuracy using speculative decoding and...

This post is the third in a series on AI model co-design. It explores how to accelerate LLM inference while maintaining accuracy using speculative decoding and offers five guidelines for selecting draft length and draft mechanism across the Pareto frontier. For a discussion of how model design choices impact both throughput and interactivity without sacrificing accuracy, see AI Model Co…

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The surge in AI adoption is transforming everything from chatbots to content generation. Still, a common pain point remains: How can organizations confidently...

The surge in AI adoption is transforming everything from chatbots to content generation. Still, a common pain point remains: How can organizations confidently size GPU resources for inference workloads and optimize Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)? With a dizzying mix of latency targets, model choices, quirky traffic patterns, and budget constraints, it’s easy to feel lost in the weeds…

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Open AI models are evolving faster than ever, but bringing them into native applications can still require model-specific conversion, preprocessing,...

Open AI models are evolving faster than ever, but bringing them into native applications can still require model-specific conversion, preprocessing, post-processing, and runtime code. NVIDIA TensorRT Model Connect open collection of reference implementations helps to address this challenge. TensorRT Model Connect shows you how to run supported models with NVIDIA TensorRT in native C++…

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AI factories must support increasingly large models and more complex reasoning workloads. To keep up with the insatiable compute demands of AI workloads,...

AI factories must support increasingly large models and more complex reasoning workloads. To keep up with the insatiable compute demands of AI workloads, hyperscalers and AI-native companies are developing custom AI accelerators, or XPUs. Deploying these accelerators at scale requires high-bandwidth memory (HBM) to keep compute fed, sufficient package and silicon area for more compute…

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The massive growth of generative AI has fundamentally altered data center design. As distributed model training scales to span hundreds of thousands of GPUs,...

The massive growth of generative AI has fundamentally altered data center design. As distributed model training scales to span hundreds of thousands of GPUs, the scale-out network connecting these nodes has emerged as a first-order performance bottleneck. For decades, traditional off-the-shelf Ethernet has been the undisputed king of enterprise and cloud networking. It is cheap, standardized…

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AI agents have expanded inference from single-turn interactions into multi-step workflows that reason, invoke tools, coordinate subagents, and carry growing...

AI agents have expanded inference from single-turn interactions into multi-step workflows that reason, invoke tools, coordinate subagents, and carry growing context from one turn to the next. The scale of this shift is now visible in raw consumption: across 100 trillion tokens of real-world usage, OpenRouter’s State of AI report found that average prompt tokens per request grew roughly fourfold…

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Traditional cloud infrastructure was designed for predictable, general-purpose workloads and standard interfaces. Agentic AI factories connect diverse users,...

Traditional cloud infrastructure was designed for predictable, general-purpose workloads and standard interfaces. Agentic AI factories connect diverse users, agents, applications, data sources, and storage systems to massively accelerated compute at multi-terabit bandwidth per server, making dedicated DPU processing essential for line-rate networking, storage, and security.

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AI factories are interconnected systems where fleet economics depend on how efficiently the entire stack converts power and capital into completed agent tasks....

AI factories are interconnected systems where fleet economics depend on how efficiently the entire stack converts power and capital into completed agent tasks. While GPUs run the models, CPUs handle orchestration, tool execution, and sandboxed computation. Unlike conventional computing with stable runtime profiles, agentic workloads are unpredictable and highly variable. Based on telemetry from…

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NVIDIA Groq 3 LPX is the interactive AI inference accelerator for the NVIDIA Vera Rubin platform. At the core of the platform is NVIDIA Vera Rubin NVL72, the...

NVIDIA Groq 3 LPX is the interactive AI inference accelerator for the NVIDIA Vera Rubin platform. At the core of the platform is NVIDIA Vera Rubin NVL72, the most versatile machine ever built, delivering high throughput and interactivity across the widest range of AI workloads—from small to large models, both open and closed. Groq 3 LPX, when paired with Vera Rubin NVL72, extends the platform’s…

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AI factories are power-constrained industrial systems. The question is no longer how many GPUs fit in a data center, but how much AI output each available...

AI factories are power-constrained industrial systems. The question is no longer how many GPUs fit in a data center, but how much AI output each available megawatt can deliver. For AI inference workloads, this makes application-level performance per watt the key metric for measuring AI factory efficiency. Not every megawatt translates to revenue-generating compute. Power distribution, cooling…

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